Background. Orthodontic TOOTH MOVEMENT are those generated by external forces applied in a controlled manner with the purpose of attaining a predetermined TOOTH MOVEMENT. orthodontict TOOTH MOVEMENTs must be carried out in the absence of inflammation, the accumulation of dental biofilm during orthodontic treatment must be prevented and closely monitored. Methods. Review articles were searched via PubMed, Elsevier, Science direct, Internatinal journal of periodontics, journal of clinical periodontology, international journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, journal of orthodontics and craniofacial research. Results. Some clinical studies have reported a mean increase in probing depth of about 0. 5 mm During orthodontic treatment, which is usually a result of inflammatory changes rather than periodontal attachment loss. If the periodontal inflammation is not fully controlled during the orthodontic treatment, however, these inflammatory processes Can accelerate the progression of periodontal destruction, leading to further loss of attachment. Conclusions. In the presence of a thick gingival tissue, gingival recessions will not occur, even when labial or expansive TOOTH MOVEMENTs are carried out. Treatment of pathologic migration requires a multidisciplinary approach with complete periodontal therapy to eliminate the infection and the inflammation of the periodontal tissues, followed by orthodontic therapy and restoration of the Lost dentition With Dental Implants and/or prosthetic restorations.

Background and Aim: Estrogen affects the metabolism in females. This study aimed to assess the effect of absence of estrogen on orthodontic TOOTH MOVEMENT in rats. Materials and Methods: In this animal study, 55 rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 (n=10) had intact ovaries. In group 2 (n=15), ovaries were intact but the rats were subjected to stress due to TOOTH preparation. In group 3 (n=15), the ovaries were intact but the rats were subjected to stress due to TOOTH preparation and surgical manipulation. In group 4 (n=15), ovaries were removed and the rats were subjected to stress due to TOOTH preparation and surgical manipulation. Orthodontic appliances were placed after 14 days in groups 2 to 4. All groups except for group 1 were subjected to mesial MOVEMENT of maxillary right first molar using NiTi closed coil spring applying 60g load for 21 days. The rats were sacrificed at 21 days and the amount of orthodontic TOOTH MOVEMENT was measured using a feeler gauge. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. Results: The mean orthodontic TOOTH MOVEMENT was 1. 18± 0. 2 mm in group 4, which was significantly greater than that in group 3 (0. 47± 0. 18 mm) and group 2 (0. 22± 0. 07 mm) (P<0. 001). Conclusion: Absence of estrogen can significantly accelerate orthodontic TOOTH MOVEMENT in rats.

Introduction: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is an effective cytokine in angiogenesis and bone remodeling. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of locally injected bFGF on MOVEMENT rate and root resorption during orthodontic force application in dogs. Materials and Methods: In this experimental animal study, four 10-12 months male dogs were selected and were randomly allocated into two groups. A week following insertion of closing coil spring between the canines and second premolars, 50μ, g of bFGF was injected to the case group and phosphate saline to the control group once per month. One month after second injection, the distance between the mentioned teeth were measured. Also, root resorption percentage were analyzed on the second premolars. Results: Average maxillary TOOTH MOVEMENT rate in case and control groups were found 2. 53 and 1. 35mm/month respectively. The correspondent mandibular measures were 2. 23mm and 1. 15mm. These differences were statistically significant (P<0. 0001). In respect to root resorption, the differences were found statistically significant (P<0. 01) for coronal region in maxilla, which was higher in control group. Regarding the apical and middle regions of both jaws as well as coronal region of mandible the differences were insignificant. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the local injection of bFGF can increase TOOTH MOVEMENT rate and has the potential to decrease root resorption during orthodontic TOOTH MOVEMENT in dogs.